Wood-burning brooder stove



P.' s'. MARTIN Erm. r 2,223,694

WOOD

BURNING Roomm sTovE Filed Nov. 1:5. 19535l 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Ram Nez/ish Zar/'95 Patented Dec. 3, 1940 Perry S. Martin, I'Iarrisonln'lrg,rv andiCnharlkesrC. Turner, Broadway, Va., assignors to Shenam' doah Equipment Corporation, Harrisonburg, Va. Application November 13, 1935,- Serial No.y 491,638;

This invenion primarily relates to brooder stoves, having for its principal object the provif sion of a wood-burning stove of general utility for use where close temperature control is desirable or necessary and where absolute dependability of operation can be secured'with minimum attention. An' important'feature of the present invention is the provision of a wood-.burning stove specifically'designed for brooder work in W which is incorporated provision for shielding the sides of the stove from direct contact with the burning fuel While directing the heat 'against the upper portions of the stove which are surroundedby the hover, which latter in the present inw vention is placed at the top of the stove.

A further object of the invention yis to provide a wood `burning stove which causes the fuel to be consumed from the bottom upward, in other words our object is to co'nne the combustionV to the bottom of the fuel bed. We thus insure a more complete combustion of the fuel Aby burning theA considerable amount of charcoal which in stoves of theprior artwas vcovered by the ashes falling from the consumed top wood; in the past this unburned charcoal not only represented' an appreciable loss of fuel but also vmade it necessary to clean outr the stove more ofte-n. In our device we get slow but complete combustion with much less attention.

: Another object is to providea brooderstove which doesV not get overhot on top and we accomplish this by placing a baffle between the top of the stove and the re bed. This baille also performs the function of guiding the hot gases of combustion against the sides of the stove whereby most of the Aheat is conducted thru the sides into the air beneath the hover and thus primarily heats .the hover rather than the brooder room. 4f.) Another object is to provide a safer wood burning brooder stove and one which may be placed on the usually litterfcovered floor of the brooder room and operated without danger of re.

I A still further and important object of the invention is' to provide a very light and easily operable pilot damper in combination with a light, main damper connected to open in graduated steps whereby the damper never opens wide enough at any time to supply air in such large quantities to permittoo rapid burning of the wood. In other words we provide a temperaturecontrolled damper which upon callfor additional heat first' uncovers a small opening and if this does not yield the needed increase.'offl warmth,I

rf* then uncovers a much larger opening. This con= trol in cooperation with the `other improved con-- struction permits an accurate brooder temperature control for'at least twenty-four hours without attention when burning .almost any kindof wood, whether scrap lumber or wood from the wood-yard, in all seasons ofthe year.

We accomplish these and other objects ofthe invention yby providing a stovel of air tight conv struction and having its interior divided byv a Il); fire pot into a fire chamber and alower air cham'- ber, the lower chamber being supplied with air by a thermostatically controlled damper. The walls of the fire poty are spaced from the vwalls of the air chamber and are provided with tuyres l5 evenly distributed about the fire pot and louvre shaped to direct air jets downwardly into the base of the burning fuel lat a rate controlled by the damper at the inlet which damper is controlled in turn by a thermostat in accordance with the go amount of heat radiated into the brooding; zone. The interior walls of the fire box or fire chamber are provided with vertical ribs or -ridges` for keeping the fuel out offcontact with'the walls and'to providea space for the rising combustion 25 air thus insuring a uniform burningy of the fuel on all sides. Just below the outlet opening which is located centrallyin the top of the fire chamber, we provide a baille Vfor directing the -hot gases-of combustion against the 'side walls as they 3,0 travel toward the outlet. l

- Referring to the drawings: I

Figure l is a perspective view of the brooder with a portion of the hover raised and'showing the door open for refueling. f

Figure 2 isa small scale view of the brooder in operative position.

Figure 3 is a vertical longitudinal section thru the stove and taken on line `3-3 of Figure 4.

Figure 4 is a vertical transverse section thru 40 the stove and taken on line 4--4 of` Figure 3.

Figure 5 is an enlarged detail front view ofthe automatic r`damper show-n in section at the lower left corner of Fig. 4.

Figure lis a View taken on line 6-6 of Figure 45 5, ,and shows a central vertical section thruthe damper in its closed position.

Figure 7 is a view similar to Figure 6 rbut showing the pilot damper open. ,y l

, Figure- 8, which is a view also taken on line 6 6 of Figure 5, shows both `the pilot 4and main damper in open position. M

As will be seen from thev drawings the preferred embodiment 'of Vour invention consists of av bois-like structure lll fof oblong form and pref` A55 ...theupper part of the front wall I4 is a doorway '-22 for feeding fuel to and removing ashes from the re box 23.

The fire box is supplied with Acombustion air which flows via the intake 24,1in

- the lower partof sidewall II, intothe air chamber 25 and then thru the openings 26 in the side walls of the lre pot 21; each opening is pror-y l `vided with a deflector for directing the air down- Ward and therefore may properly` be'called! al The top I8 which-is.located-below theY top of the walls in order toprovideawater reslouvre.

ervoir, is provided with a .central Ioutlet-opening 30 having a collar 3l for attaching to the usual stove pipe 32 shown in Figure 2'. To the top edge of the box is secured, permanently-or otherwise, a downwardly and outwardly sloping hover 33 having one'section'34 hinged at 35'so that it may be raised' to 'expose' thedoor for refueling or `reir'loving ashes. i

'I'he'fdoorw'ayv22is'of' air tight construction hayliigay ratherrwide' outwardly projecting frame 36 lwhich dueto its y'thickness not'only resists warping but-also' prevents the'sheet iron front wall'l 4"from warping under changes of temperature."vv The door properK 31, hinged at itsupper edge'38',y is provided with reinforcing flanges 39 for telescopi/ngfover the frame 36 so that when secured 'shutvby means' -f'spring clamps 40 on each side of the frame the. door is substantially airtight whichA condition is duite important if any appreciable degree of controlv is to be obtained. It will also lbenoted that the hinged hover section 34 has a cutaway portion so that it may'bear against theclofsed door at 4I to further aid in'fmaking the saine air tight. l In order furthert'o make'the 'stove of air tight construction thruout thefjoints are all electro'- Weldedas shown at 4 2 to 41"inclusivve'. Thus en{ try of fair-into? the stove is solely thru the air -inlet 24 vvliich is under the `fairly accurate control of a 'damper mechanism 50"shown in detail-in Figures 5-,6,{7f andB. The main damper 5|,jpivoted at 52,-T normallylies fl'at against. the outerend of the'short4 piece of pipe 53 which tilts' slightly up` ward ii'fr'der 'that the'weight of the damper may act to-keep the opening tightly closed. `In the main damper is a smaller aperture54 adapted to be covered bythe pilot damper 55'which is also pivotedat 52 and is provided with an ear156 for receiving the hook 51Mwhichfis part of the linkage operated by the thermostat 58, The movement of the pilot damper 55 .with respectto the ,main damper islimited bythe cotter pin 59 so that if .the thermostat calls for more draft than the; pilot can givleth'en the'main damper beginstoopen. The'V damper .construction is claimed in ourfcofpe'nding divisionaljapplication seriarneyzvasaz; med Mayie,v 1939. p A

lteierringr to Figures 3 and 4 it willbe seen that -the fire ppt 21, welded at its upper rim Athe sideand end walls 'as at 44, is Aspacedfrom'said walls at 60 and 6I so that the cool incoming air flowing toward the K louvre'l like openings 26 yprevents the side walls from becoming overheated. The bottom of the'nrpotisspaced from the bottom 2 0 Y. of the st ove .which :in turn is vspaced from the floor v2| as alreadyv mentioned, thus providing ample heat insulation between the iioor andthefirejpot, will .b e noted in Figures 3 n and@ the louvre like openings 26 are'stamped out so as to direct 'the'streams of air downwardly openings are located a considerable distancel above the floor of the iire potso that ashes may accumulate for several days at a time before rising high enough to aiect the ilow of air thus providing a stove that requires no attention for days at a time andv during very mild weather only about once a weeki 'I'heside walls ofthe re'chamber are provided with ribs 64 which keep the wood out of contact with vthe walls and provide passages for the upwardly moving hot combustion gases. At the top is a dished baille 55 which is spaced slightly atits :periphery fromthe sidewalls and is providedlwithacentral'opening 66 at the down-- wardly directed apex for permitting creosote and other condensatesnwhich'drip lfrom the smoke pipe to drain into the fuelbed.A A .bracket 48 maybe placed on each side of the baffle if thisis found desirable.v 'The' spacingvof the baiile from the'vside walls and. the conical shape tends `to keepzthe hotf gases in contactwith the side Walls whereby 'the walls uniformlyconduct `a maximum amountxof .the generated -heatr out into the entire zone'under the hover. The peripheral spacing-of `the baffle from the Walls. is about enough to provide' an air passagev 'approximately equal to the outlet30. The ribs and the baiile prevent theformation ofthe usual hot spotsdueto uneven burning and concentration of the h'ot gases as: they flow toward theiflue and they also cause thedissipation of a maximum amount of the heat before Ait entersthe flue.' u 'I'he'operation of our stove'is quite simple consisting' vin kindling a fire in the re pot 21,'then` llingthe .'re chamberwith convenientfuel of almost. any 'description,v i; e.; greenwood. or dry woo'd, jor .any kindof blocks or pieces of wood that may be foundiaround the barn yard orl wood lot.- .Thefdo'or 31 is then'closed and. latched tightly by meansfof the spring latches 40,"the hover section 34 is loweredrint'o 'placer'- Since the'stove andthe brooding zonefar'e'at `first relatively .coldthfe thermostat mechanism l58 at this time/"willjbe holdingvvthe damperv 50 in'its wide open position but as the room and' zoneheat up the thermostat will permit `'first the maingdamper 5I to closev and then as thepzone getsl warmer the fpilot damper is allowed to close or partly close.`'I'hen"the thermostat may be regulated' can be further reduced if 'deemed advisable by mounting the,thermostat independently of the stove. Furthermore., the wafer can be screened entirely.I from direct radiation of the stove if foundne'cessary.. By placing vthe hover atthe highest Vedge lof the vstovealmost ,the entire rheat produced, by the burning fuelis caught under the hover iwhere it can be utilized by the chicks. .f

""Altho we have 'described our invention as elnbodied in a brooder stove, it is to be understood that it can be used with great advantage wherever an even temperature is needed, for example, in tobacco barns, hot houses and even in homes. Our stove overcomes the greatest disadvantage of Wood fuel which is its tendency to burn up quickly and erratically at an unpleasant and even dangerous temperature. In overcoming this disadvantage we provide a stove that requires very little attention and one which burns an economic fuelin an economic manner.

What we claim is:

1. A wood-burning brooder stove comprising an air tight re chamber,"a substantially air tight door in the front of said chamber, and a hover connected to the upper edge of the stove, and extending completely around the stove, said hover having a section restingin part against the door to aid in keeping it air tight and being movable to expose the door for refueling.

2. A wood-burning brooder stove comprising a combustion chamber in its upper portion, a side door for permitting the feeding of -fuel into said chamber, a downwardly dished centrally apertured baie in the upper part of the combustion chamber to protect the top of the stove from the direct radiant heat of the lire in thelower part of the combustion chamber thereby diminishing direct radiation and conduction of heat upward into the brooder room, said balie also serving to direct the hot combustion gases against the side Walls of the stove, and a hover connected to the top rim of the stove for conserving the heat conducted thru the side walls, a section of said hover being hinged at the top and normally resting against the door to assist in holding it closed.

3. 'Ihe device of claim 1 in which the movable section is hinged at the top to the stove and has a cut away portion for tting over the closed door when the section is lowered to its normal position.

4. A wood-burning brooder stove having a fire chamber, a door in the front of said chamber, said door reaching substantially to the top of said stove and a hover extending completely around the stove and supported from the top of the stove, a section of said hover being movable and hinged at the top and adapted to rest against the door when lowered in cooperative position with the rest of the hover.

5. In a brooder of the type in which a hover is supported on the casing of a wood-burning stove and means are provided beneath the hover for regulating the ow of air to maintain closely the desired brooding temper-ature while insuring a slow burning of the wood so that the brooder will operate for long periods Without attention: a casing, a sheet metal re-pot dividing the casing into a re chamber above and an air chamber below, said re-pot having sloping walls providing an air space between the walls of the firepot and the casing, said sloping lire-pot walls having a plurality of spaced l'ouvred portions constituting indents from the sheet metal to provide air inlet openings on opposite ends of the fire-pot and forming the sole communication between the fire chamber and the air space between the lire-pot and the lower portion of the casing, said louvres being located on the iire chamber side of the fire-pot so as to direct the iiow of air through the openings downwardly into the firepot and also tending to keep fuel from blocking said openings and thus restricting the ow of a1r.

PERRY S. MARTIN. CHARLES C. TURNER. 

